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Process Data set: Concrete Paving - 400x400x40 Mayfair Flags (en) en

Key Data Set Information
Location GB
Geographical representativeness description Ireland
Reference year 2022
Name
Concrete Paving - 400x400x40 Mayfair Flags
Use advice for data set This LCA covers the Product (A1 - A3), Construction Process (A4, A5), End of Life Stage (C1 - C4) stages, as well as as the benefits and loads beyond the system boundary (D).
Technical purpose of product or process Tobermore concrete paving, walling and kerb products are made with sands, cements and pigments specially selected for their aesthetic and functional performance. They are manufactured in accordance with BS EN 1338 and BS EN 1339: Concrete Paving Blocks and Flags - Requirements and Test Methods. BS EN 771:3:2011 Aggregate concrete masonry units (Dense and lightweight aggregates) BS EN 1340:2003 Concrete kerb units. Requirements and test methods. Products are manufactured in two parts - a facing mix, that is mixed seperately, and is then placed on top of a base mix. The facing mix is some 8mm thick, and this is placed on top of the base mix, which is of varying thickness, (depending on loading). The facing mix comprises special sands and pigments for appearance. The base mix comprises standard sands and cement, and does not have any pigments. The declared unit of this type of product is one m². Specialist sands are coloured white, grey, black, red and/or other as defined. Cements are either CEM II (general use), CEM I (for high strength) or CEM I white for appearance. The mean density of the hardened products is 2350 kg/m³. Most of the sands and aggregates are sourced from Tobermore’s own quarries in the locality. Cements are locally sourced from within Northern Ireland. Some specialist sands come from quarries outside of Northern Ireland, within the EU. The finished products are then supplied to customers in bales, shrink-wrapped in polythene comprising 30% recycled plastic. Pallets are not included in the calculation. A1 Raw materials supply: The raw materials, sands, pigments, admixtures and cements are sourced from within the represntative geographic area. This module takes into account extraction and processing (including energies) of raw materials before delivery to Tobermore. A2 Transport: This module covers the impacts of the transport of the raw materials to the production site. A3 Manufacturing: The paving products are manufactured from specially selected sands, cement, water and a variety of admixtures. The ingredients are batch-weighed and mixed in a concrete pan mixer and dropped through a weigh hopper into moulds for setting. The wet mixes are placed in a curing chamber where the the paving products harden and set. After leaving the curing oven, the paving products are finished according to intended market. The finishing processes are: (a) tumbling in a rotating drum, (b) texturing by shot-blasting the facing surface, and (c) grinding of the facing surface with a carbide tipped grinding head. A proportion of the products do not go through any of the finishing processes. Some products are both textured and ground. After finishing, the paving products are shrink-wrapped and then stored onsite for onward delivery to the customers.
General comment on data set The dataset is representative for the production processes used in 2020. The data Quality Level, according to Table E.1 of EN 15804 +A2, Annex E, is ‘very good’. Allocation of electricity types and amounts to the various manufacturing processes has been provided by Tobermore along with production waste and direct emissions. Allocation of impacts to the products is based on the product composition mass. The electricity used by Tobermore is 100% renewable. All primary data has been supplied directly by Tobermore Ltd. The cut-off criteria of section 6.3.6 of EN15804 +A2 have been followed, where 99% of the total energy and materials are included, and the total neglected input flows for the modules reported on in the LCA are less than 5% of the energy usage and mass.
Copyright Yes
Owner of data set
Quantitative reference
Reference flow(s)
Biogenic carbon content
  • Carbon content (biogenic): 0.0 kg
  • Carbon content (biogenic) - packaging: 0.0 kg
Time representativeness
Data set valid until 2027
Technological representativeness
Technology description including background system Material, Percentage range Cement 7 to 23% Sands and aggregates 60 to 85% Pigments and admixtures ~ 1% Water 4 to 10% Shrinkwrap packaging 0.03%

Indicators of life cycle

IndicatorDirectionUnit Raw material supply
A1
 Transport
A2
 Manufacturing
A3
 Transport
A4
 Installation
A5
 De-construction
C1
 Transport
C2
 Waste processing
C3
 Disposal
C4
 Recycling Potential
D
Use of renewable primary energy (PERE)
Input
  • 5.817
  • 0.1588
  • 7.309
  • 0.8449
  • 0.5422
  • 0
  • 0.04154
  • 0
  • 0
  • -1.726
Use of renewable primary energy resources used as raw materials (PERM)
Input
  • 0
  • 0
  • 0
  • 0
  • 0
  • 0
  • 0
  • 0
  • 0
  • 0
Total use of renewable primary energy resource (PERT)
Input
  • 5.817
  • 0.1588
  • 7.309
  • 0.8449
  • 0.5422
  • 0
  • 0.04154
  • 0
  • 0
  • -1.726
Use of non renewable primary energy (PENRE)
Input
  • 53.01
  • 12.52
  • 9.322
  • 77.7
  • 3.627
  • 0
  • 3.081
  • 0
  • 0
  • -15.2
Use of non renewable primary energy resources used as raw materials (PENRM)
Input
  • 0
  • 0
  • 0
  • 0
  • 0
  • 0
  • 0
  • 0
  • 0
  • 0
Total use of non renewable primary energy resource (PENRT)
Input
  • 53.01
  • 12.52
  • 9.322
  • 77.7
  • 3.627
  • 0
  • 3.081
  • 0
  • 0
  • -15.2
Use of secondary material (SM)
Input
  • 58.82
  • 12.68
  • 16.63
  • 78.54
  • 4.169
  • 0
  • 3.122
  • 0
  • 0
  • -16.93
Use of renewable secondary fuels (RSF)
Input
  • 0.3796
  • 0
  • 0
  • 0
  • 0.01898
  • 0
  • 0
  • 0
  • 0
  • -0.04969
Use of non renewable secondary fuels (NRSF)
Input
  • 5.416
  • 0
  • 0
  • 0
  • 0.2708
  • 0
  • 0
  • 0
  • 0
  • -0.71
Use of net fresh water (FW)
Input
  • 0.1633
  • 0.001191
  • 0.001012
  • 0.01207
  • 0.008337
  • 0
  • 0.0003103
  • 0
  • 0
  • -0.02526
Hazardous waste disposed (HWD)
Output
  • 0.00007814
  • 0.00002836
  • 0.00001881
  • 0.00004637
  • 0.000005744
  • 0
  • 0.000007601
  • 0
  • 0
  • -0.00002945
Non hazardous waste dispose (NHWD)
Output
  • 1.988
  • 0.5033
  • 0.02564
  • 3.253
  • 0.05841
  • 0
  • 0.1411
  • 0
  • 0
  • -0.4409
Radioactive waste disposed (RWD)
Output
  • 0.0009613
  • 0.0000805
  • 0.00005599
  • 0.0004932
  • 0.00005431
  • 0
  • 0.00001977
  • 0
  • 0
  • -0.0001712
Components for re-use (CRU)
Output
  • 0
  • 0
  • 0
  • 0
  • 0
  • 0
  • 0
  • 0
  • 0
  • 0
Materials for recycling (MFR)
Output
  • 0
  • 0
  • 0
  • 0
  • 0
  • 0
  • 0
  • 0
  • 0
  • 0
Materials for energy recovery (MER)
Output
  • 0
  • 0
  • 0
  • 0
  • 0
  • 0
  • 0
  • 0
  • 0
  • 0
Exported electrical energy (EEE)
Output
  • 0
  • 0
  • 0
  • 0
  • 0
  • 0
  • 0
  • 0
  • 0
  • 0
Exported thermal energy (EET)
Output
  • 0
  • 0
  • 0
  • 0
  • 0
  • 0
  • 0
  • 0
  • 0
  • 0

IndicatorUnit Raw material supply
A1
 Transport
A2
 Manufacturing
A3
 Transport
A4
 Installation
A5
 De-construction
C1
 Transport
C2
 Waste processing
C3
 Disposal
C4
 Recycling Potential
D
Abiotic depletion potential - fossil resources (ADPF)
  • 51.59
  • 11.8
  • 8.771
  • 73.18
  • 3.498
  • 0
  • 2.902
  • 0
  • 0
  • -14.53
Abiotic depletion potential - non-fossil resources (ADPE)
  • 0.00007207
  • 0.00001984
  • 0.000007089
  • 0.00001353
  • 0.000003411
  • 0
  • 0.000005298
  • 0
  • 0
  • -0.00001535
Acidification potential, Accumulated Exceedance (AP)
  • 0.02815
  • 0.005453
  • 0.003925
  • 0.02227
  • 0.001815
  • 0
  • 0.0005513
  • 0
  • 0
  • -0.01091
Depletion potential of the stratospheric ozone layer (ODP)
  • 2.05E-7
  • 1.783E-7
  • 1.305E-7
  • 0.000001094
  • 2.463E-8
  • 0
  • 4.366E-8
  • 0
  • 0
  • -1.416E-7
Eutrophication potential - freshwater (EP-freshwater)
  • 0.00004976
  • 0.000005991
  • 0.000005571
  • 0.00007323
  • 0.000003338
  • 0
  • 0.000001533
  • 0
  • 0
  • -0.00001308
Eutrophication potential - marine (EP-marine)
  • 0.007792
  • 0.001174
  • 0.001344
  • 0.004243
  • 0.0004999
  • 0
  • 0.0001091
  • 0
  • 0
  • -0.003496
Eutrophication potential - terrestrial (EP-terrestrial)
  • 0.09058
  • 0.01311
  • 0.01471
  • 0.04817
  • 0.005769
  • 0
  • 0.001221
  • 0
  • 0
  • -0.04466
Global Warming Potential - biogenic (GWP-biogenic)
  • 0.002081
  • 0.0003059
  • 0.006478
  • 0.001701
  • 0.0004331
  • 0
  • 0.0001032
  • 0
  • 0
  • -0.001905
Global Warming Potential - fossil fuels (GWP-fossil)
  • 8.938
  • 0.799
  • 0.6789
  • 4.812
  • 0.513
  • 0
  • 0.1919
  • 0
  • 0
  • -1.742
Global Warming Potential - land use and land use change (GWP-luluc)
  • 0.001093
  • 0.0003445
  • 0.0001059
  • 0.001516
  • 0.00007382
  • 0
  • 0.00006831
  • 0
  • 0
  • -0.0003419
Global Warming Potential - total (GWP-total)
  • 8.941
  • 0.7997
  • 0.6854
  • 4.815
  • 0.5135
  • 0
  • 0.1921
  • 0
  • 0
  • -1.744
Global warming potential except emissions and uptake of biogenic carbon (GWP-IOBC/GHG)
No records found.
No records found.
No records found.
No records found.
No records found.
No records found.
No records found.
No records found.
No records found.
No records found.
Photochemical Ozone Creation Potential (POCP)
  • 0.03159
  • 0.003971
  • 0.004336
  • 0.01586
  • 0.001934
  • 0
  • 0.0004676
  • 0
  • 0
  • -0.0117
Water (user) deprivation potential (WDP)
  • 4.104
  • 0.03178
  • 0.0319
  • 0.5612
  • 0.2137
  • 0
  • 0.008212
  • 0
  • 0
  • -0.7157

IndicatorUnit Raw material supply
A1
 Transport
A2
 Manufacturing
A3
 Transport
A4
 Installation
A5
 De-construction
C1
 Transport
C2
 Waste processing
C3
 Disposal
C4
 Recycling Potential
D
1This impact category deals mainly with the eventual impact of low dose ionizing radiation on human health of the nuclear fuel cycle. It does not consider effects due to possible nuclear accidents, occupational exposure nor due to radioactive waste disposal in underground facilities. Potential ionizing radiation from the soil, from radon and from some construction materials is also not measured by this indicator.
2The results of this environmental impact indicator shall be used with care as the uncertainties on these results are high or as there is limited experiences with the indicator.
Potential Comparative Toxic Unit for ecosystems (ETP-fw) 2
  • 90.46
  • 9.299
  • 9.293
  • 51.64
  • 3.737
  • 0
  • 2.337
  • 0
  • 0
  • -225.5
Potential Comparative Toxic Unit for humans - cancer effects (HTP-c) 2
  • 3.88E-8
  • 3.09E-10
  • 3.94E-10
  • 1.529E-9
  • 1.813E-9
  • 0
  • 6.5E-11
  • 0
  • 0
  • -4.408E-9
Potential Comparative Toxic Unit for humans - non-cancer effects (HTP-nc) 2
  • 1.266E-7
  • 9.567E-9
  • 1.074E-8
  • 5.644E-8
  • 2.087E-9
  • 0
  • 2.463E-9
  • 0
  • 0
  • -1.906E-8
Potential Human exposure efficiency relative to U235 (IRP) 1
  • 0.1894
  • 0.05141
  • 0.03503
  • 0.3138
  • 0.01342
  • 0
  • 0.01268
  • 0
  • 0
  • -0.05843
Potential Soil quality index (SQP) 2
  • 69.77
  • 7.392
  • 1.873
  • 47.17
  • 3.89
  • 0
  • 2.03
  • 0
  • 0
  • -20.69
Potential incidence of disease due to PM emissions (PM) 2
  • 2.458E-7
  • 4.681E-8
  • 7.584E-8
  • 2.948E-7
  • 1.774E-8
  • 0
  • 1.22E-8
  • 0
  • 0
  • -1.377E-7