Process information
| Key Data Set Information | |
| Location | CN |
| Geographical representativeness description | The screws are distributed to the United Kingdon and Republic of Ireland. |
| Reference year | 2025 |
| Name |
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| Use advice for data set | This LCA is Cradle to gate with options, modules C1–C4 and module D (A1–A3, C, and D). |
| Technical purpose of product or process | Evolution Fasteners’ screws are manufactured in two production facilities in Jiangsu and Zheijang, China. This EPD refers to screws made in both facilities, and is based on the LCA results of the "worst case" of these two production facilities. The high-quality self-tapping fasteners designed for efficient and reliable fixing across various applications, including steel, timber, board, and masonry. These screws are ideal for single-sided assembly operations, eliminating the need for pre-drilling and reducing labor time. They are commonly used in roofing, cladding, timber sheets, board materials, and lightweight construction methodologies. Their versatility makes them suitable for securing metal profiles or other fixture materials to substrate structures. The screws are engineered to provide long-term stability, pull-out resistance, and load-bearing capacity, ensuring structural reliability and aesthetic quality. They are available in diverse geometries, drive types, and protective finishes, allowing contractors to select solutions tailored to specific project demands. Evolution Fasteners’ screws are composed of 85% stainless steel and 15% carbon steel, with raw materials sourced from recycled and primary steel. The screws are manufactured using multi-stage extrusion techniques, including cold or hot forming processes, thread rolling, and drill point formation for self-drilling variants. The production process incorporates cleaning stages and surface treatments such as galvanic coating and dry lubricant deposition. The screws are packaged in cardboard, which is typically recycled. At the end of their lifecycle, it is assumed that 95% of the screws are recycled, contributing to sustainability by avoiding the manufacture of steel products from primary raw materials. |
| General comment on data set | Data quality: Time Representativeness In this LCA the background data is from ecoinvent version 3.9.1. Thus the age of the data relating to the manufacturing of the steel screws, and the data relating to the background processes for environmental impacts is between 3 and 6 years. Time Representativeness is considered to be Good. Geographical Representativeness The material references, from ecoinvent version 3.9.1, relate to “RoW”, generally. However the electricity is related to the country of manufacture, and the fossil fuel reference is independent of geography. Geographical Representativeness is considered to be Fair. Technical Representativeness The material references are general in nature and a conservative approach has been taken. They are based on ecoinvent version 3.9.1. The process energies references have a good level of representativeness. Technical data has been obtained indirectly, and as the raw materials references data is applied across a range of products, the Technical Representativeness is considered to be Fair. Allocation: The measurement of environmental impacts in this EPD uses the LCIA methodologies recommended for PEF 3.1. In this EPD, the waste processes are allocated in the relevant module. In the case of the use of secondary materials or energy recovered from secondary fuels, the system boundary between the system under study and the previous system (providing the secondary materials) is set where outputs of the previous system, e.g. materials, products, building elements or energy, reach the end-of-waste state. The modularity and the polluter payer principles have been followed. Cut-off criteria: All relevant inputs and outputs - like emissions, energy and materials - have been taken into account in this LCA, and in accordance with EN15804+A2:2019. The study covers at least 95% of the materials and energy per module and at least 99% of the total use of materials andenergy of each unit process. Long term emissions have been excluded from the study. |
| Copyright | Yes |
| Owner of data set | |
| Quantitative reference | |
| Reference flow(s) |
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| Biogenic carbon content |
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| Time representativeness | |
| Data set valid until | 2030 |
| Time representativeness description | "2025-11-05" - "2030-11-04" |
| Technological representativeness | |
| Technology description including background system | Evolution Fasteners’ screws are manufactured using carbon steel and bi-metal designs, combining hardened steel drill points with stainless steel shanks for enhanced durability and corrosion resistance. They feature varied thread forms, including coarse, intermediate, and hi-lo profiles, optimising grip and reducing driving torque across substrates. Self-drilling TEK points (e.g., SuperTEK-8 and SuperTEK-X) enable penetration of thick steel up to 22–30 mm without pre-drilling, while Type 17 cutting points improve starts in wood or masonry. Head styles include hex, hex-flange, bugle, and countersunk, paired with drives such as Phillips, Pozi, and hex socket for torque control. Sizes range from 4.8–6.3 mm in diameter and 25–100+ mm in length, with hardened sections achieving ≥55 HRC for structural performance. All products are CE marked, UKCA marked, and verified via UKAS accredited laboratory testing according to ISO/IEC 17025:2017. |
Modelling and validation
| Subtype | specific dataset | ||||
| LCA methodology report | |||||
| Data sources, treatment and representativeness | |||||
| Documentation of data quality management | |||||
| Data source(s) used for this data set | |||||
| Completeness | |||||
| Validation | |||||
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| Compliance Declarations | |||||
| Compliance |
Compliance system name
EN 15804+A2
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Approval of overall compliance
Fully compliant |
Nomenclature compliance
Fully compliant |
Methodological compliance
Fully compliant |
Review compliance
Fully compliant |
Documentation compliance
Fully compliant |
Quality compliance
Fully compliant |
| Compliance |
Compliance system name
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Approval of overall compliance
Fully compliant |
Nomenclature compliance
Fully compliant |
Methodological compliance
Fully compliant |
Review compliance
Fully compliant |
Documentation compliance
Fully compliant |
Quality compliance
Fully compliant |
| Compliance |
Compliance system name
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Approval of overall compliance
Fully compliant |
Nomenclature compliance
Fully compliant |
Methodological compliance
Fully compliant |
Review compliance
Fully compliant |
Documentation compliance
Fully compliant |
Quality compliance
Fully compliant |
Administrative information
| Data generator | |
| Data set generator / modeller |
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| Data entry by | |
| Time stamp (last saved) | 2025-11-05T16:28:19 |
| Data set format(s) | |
| Publication and ownership | |
| UUID | a3234614-e1c1-4a35-8f6c-c59e6e242e04 |
| Date of last revision | 2025-11-05T15:11:01.2159533Z |
| Data set version | 00.03.000 |
| Registration authority |
EPD Ireland
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| Registration number | EPDIE-25-223 |
| Owner of data set | |
| Copyright | Yes |
| License type | Free of charge for all users and uses |
| Access and use restrictions | None |
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Environmental indicators
Indicators of life cycle