1248b61d-1bc1-4488-a456-860a13a1d703 Corrib Paving Block 60mm Black Granite Data flows have been modeled as realistically as possible. Data quality assessment is based on the principle that the primary data used for processes occurring at the production site is selected in the first instance. Where this is not available, other reference data is selected from appropriate sources. The dataset is representative for the production processes used in 2017. The process descriptions and quantities in this study are reproducible in accordance to the reference standards that have been used. The references of all sources, both primary and public sources and literature, have been documented in the LCA report. In addition, to facilitate the reproducibility of the LCA, a full set of data records has been generated which can be accessed via the EcoChain tool. This data portfolio contains a summary of all the data used in this LCA, and correspondingly, in the Kilsaran EcoChain account. 1 Ireland A1. Raw materials supply All relevant resources and materials in production module A1 have been included in this study. This module considers the extraction and processing of all raw materials and energy which occur upstream to the SMARTPLY manufacturing process, as well as waste processing up to the end-of waste state. The data on products, by-products and waste in this report were obtained from the energy, resources and materials supplied by Kilsaran as those being used at the production site. Primary production data from the year 2017 has been used. Ecoinvent 3.4 database had been used, (4th october 2017). A2. Transport of raw materials to manufacturer All relevant transport of materials to the Kilsaran production plant has been included in this study. This includes the transport distance of the raw materials to the manufacturing facility via road, boat and/or train. A3. Manufacturing The production processes are modelled using specific values from primary data collection at the production site. All relevant production processes in module A3 are included in this assessment. All processes in the production of Kilsaran paving products use electricity. There is no discrete sub-metering of electrical energy for the various individual processes, hence energy use across the different processes has been allocated based on estimates supplied by Kilsaran. The LPG is used in the curing chambers and indirectly for heating the overhead space. Water is used in concrete and diesel is used for internal transport. No co-products are produced in the Kilsaran paving production plant. The LCA underlying this EPD is carried out for Kilsaran International. The LCA is carried out for the “Newgrange Paving Block 80mm Silver Granite” paving product. This product is selected as the most widely produced paving type. This EPD presents the results for Kilsaran paving products. The full list of Kilsaran paving products comprises out of 112 unique paving products. This EPD displays 3 of those unique paving products, as a selection, carried out by Kilsaran. The LCA and EPD of all other unique paving products can be sent upon request. The constituent raw materials of the paving products are EN 197 cements, gravel, sands, water, pigments and admixtures for mixing and efflorescence prevention. These materials are used in the full range of products. The paving products are used in large-scale paving project and in small-scale domestic paving projects by professionals and private consumers. (see for more information https://www.kilsaran.ie/products/paving/) The paving product consists of two layers: a bottom layer and a top layer. The layers are also referred to as the “Base layer” and “Face layer”. The products are produced according to standard BS EN 1338:2003 Product suitable for both pedestrian, vehicular use and commercial traffic when installed in conjunction with the correct, site specific sub-base design. Materials used for packaging, such as cardboard, paper shrouds, wood for crating and battens, and strapping, are left outside of the LCA calculation as these counted for less then 1% of environmental impact cut off criteria. The paving products are manufactured in a production plant, located at Piercetown, Dunboyne, Co. Meath. Raw material are transported to manufacturing facility in Piercetown Dunboyne. Paving operators select a recipe and the discharging hoppers will discharge the correct selected weight of material. Once mixed, the material will be lowered into a casting mould and will be hydraulically pressed into its desired shape. Products are cured for minimum 24 hours. Once cured the product will be stacked automatically onto pallets for storage or delivery. Product will pass a quality control operator who will remove all product deemed unsuitable for the open market and classed as waste. Products deemed unsuitable will be brought to an onsite crusher. (all rejected products are crushed and recycled back into the recipes. EPD I.S. EN 16757:2017, PCR for concrete and concrete elements. specific dataset ecoinvent database (all versions) EPDIE-20-18 Chris Foster, EuGeos Limited EN 15804 EN 15804 Fully compliant Fully compliant Fully compliant Fully compliant Fully compliant Fully compliant ISO 14025 Fully compliant Fully compliant Fully compliant Fully compliant Fully compliant Fully compliant ISO 21930 Fully compliant Fully compliant Fully compliant Fully compliant Fully compliant Fully compliant 2021-10-15T16:55:50 ILCD format EPD Data Format Extension 00.03.001 2021-10-12T08:38:09.0264337Z EPDIE-20-18 Kilsaran true Free of charge for all users and uses Corrib Paving Block 60mm Black Granite General reminder flow Output 1 1 0 0 undefined 0 Primary Measured Use of renewable primary energy (PERE) Fornybar primærenergi brukt som energibærer (RPEE) General reminder flow Input 0 0 0 0 undefined 0 Primary Measured 5.470000000000 0.307000000000 39.500000000000 MJ Use of renewable primary energy resources used as raw materials (PERM) Fornybar primærenergi brukt som energibærer (RPEE) General reminder flow Input 0 0 0 0 undefined 0 Primary Measured 0.000000000000 0.000000000000 0.000000000000 MJ Total use of renewable primary energy resource (PERT) Total bruk av fornybar primærenergi (TPE) General reminder flow Input 0 0 0 0 undefined 0 Primary Measured 5.480000000000 0.307000000000 39.500000000000 MJ Use of non renewable primary energy (PENRE) Ikke fornybar primærenergi brukt som energibærer (NRPE) General reminder flow Input 0 0 0 0 undefined 0 Primary Measured 96.100000000000 25.500000000000 141.000000000000 MJ Use of non renewable primary energy resources used as raw materials (PENRM) Ikke fornybar primærenergi brukt som råmateriale (NRPM) General reminder flow Input 0 0 0 0 undefined 0 Primary Measured 0.000000000000 0.000000000000 0.000000000000 MJ Total use of non renewable primary energy resource (PENRT) Total nicht erneuerbare Primärenergie (PENRT) General reminder flow Input 0 0 0 0 undefined 0 Primary Measured 96.100000000000 25.500000000000 141.000000000000 MJ Use of secondary material (SM) Bruk av sekundære materialer (SM) General reminder flow Input 0 0 0 0 undefined 0 Primary Measured 0.000000000000 0.000000000000 0.000000000000 kg Use of renewable secondary fuels (RSF) Bruk av fornybart sekundære brensel (RSF) General reminder flow Input 0 0 0 0 undefined 0 Primary Measured 0.000000000000 0.000000000000 0.000000000000 MJ Use of non renewable secondary fuels (NRSF) Bruk av ikke fornybart sekundære brensel (NRSF) General reminder flow Input 0 0 0 0 undefined 0 Primary Measured 0.000000000000 0.000000000000 0.000000000000 MJ Use of net fresh water (FW) Netto bruk av ferskvann (W) General reminder flow Input 0 0 0 0 undefined 0 Primary Measured 0.225000000000 0.001370000000 0.035600000000 m3 Hazardous waste disposed (HWD) Avhendet farlig avfall (HW) General reminder flow Output 0 0 0 0 undefined 0 Primary Measured 0.000197000000 0.000176000000 0.000609000000 kg Non hazardous waste dispose (NHWD) Avhendet ikke-farlig avfall (NHW) General reminder flow Output 0 0 0 0 undefined 0 Primary Measured 12.300000000000 1.120000000000 0.621000000000 kg Radioactive waste disposed (RWD) Avhendet radioaktivt avfall (RW) General reminder flow Output 0 0 0 0 undefined 0 Primary Measured 0.000150000000 0.000162000000 0.000571000000 kg Components for re-use (CRU) Komponenter for gjenbruk (CR) General reminder flow Output 0 0 0 0 undefined 0 Primary Measured 0.000000000000 0.000000000000 0.000000000000 kg Materials for recycling (MFR) Materialer for resirkulering (MR) General reminder flow Output 0 0 0 0 undefined 0 Primary Measured 0.000000000000 0.000000000000 0.000000000000 kg Materials for energy recovery (MER) Materialer for energigjenvinning (MER) General reminder flow Output 0 0 0 0 undefined 0 Primary Measured 0.000000000000 0.000000000000 0.000000000000 kg Exported electrical energy (EEE) Eksportert elektrisk energi(EEE) General reminder flow Output 0 0 0 0 undefined 0 Primary Measured 0.000000000000 0.000000000000 0.000000000000 MJ Exported thermal energy (EET) Eksportert termisk energi (ETE) General reminder flow Output 0 0 0 0 undefined 0 Primary Measured 0.000000000000 0.000000000000 0.000000000000 MJ Global warming potential (GWP) Globalt oppvarmingspotensial (GWP) 0 undefined 0 17.400000000000 1.580000000000 12.100000000000 kg CO2-Äqv. Ozone Depletion Potential (ODP) Potensial for nedbryting av stratosfærisk ozon (ODP) 0 undefined 0 0.000001020000 0.000000287000 0.000000640000 kg CFC 11 eq. Acidification potential (AP) Forsuringspotensial for kilder på land og vann (AP) 0 undefined 0 0.051100000000 0.005440000000 0.056600000000 kg SO2-Äqv. Eutrophication potential (EP) Overgjødslingspotensial (EP) 0 undefined 0 0.006010000000 0.000856000000 0.005300000000 kg Phosphat-Äqv. Photochemical Ozone Creation Potential (POCP) Potensial for fotokjemisk oksidantdanning (POCP) 0 undefined 0 0.002610000000 0.000270000000 0.003080000000 kg Ethen-Äqv. Abiotic depletion potential for non fossil resources (ADPE) Abiotisk uttømmingspotensial for ikke-fossile ressurser (ADPM) 0 undefined 0 0.043900000000 0.011500000000 0.004620000000 kg Sb-Äqv. Abiotic depletion potential for fossil resources (ADPF) Abiotisk uttømmingspotensial for fossile ressurser (ADPE) 0 undefined 0 87.100000000000 25.100000000000 159.000000000000 MJ