6ce4b243-0219-4018-afab-168b36d74f5f Asphalt SMA 14 bin PMB 70/100 Data quality: Time Representativeness: In this LCA the data relating to the usages, emissions and materials, and the data relating to the bespoke background processes for environmental impacts are less than 3 years apart, and also the Ecoinvent database version 3.8. The datasets for the raw material constituents that have the largest environmental impact (being bitumens) are from Ecoinvent V 3.8. Time Representativeness is considered to be Very good. Geographical Representativeness: The processes used in the production of the asphalt products are geographically representative, insofar as the production location (Ireland) lies within the region for which the relevant Ecoinvent (version 3.8) and any other bespoke environmental records have been selected. The dataset is up-to-date and representative for the current technology used in the processes of manufacturing the asphalt products. Geographical Representativeness is considered to be Very good. Technical Representativeness: Processes and energies used in the process have been modelled exactly as described by the asphalt manufacturer, and are based directly on the production data supplied by the manufacturer, in relation to processes, fuels used and emissions, and without any significant need for improvement. Technical Representativeness is considered to be Very good. Allocation: The source of default unit processes or activities is the Ecoinvent database version 3.8, system model “Allocation, cut-off by classification”. The measurement of environmental impacts in this EPD uses the LCIA methodologies recommended for PEF 3.0. In this EPD, the waste processes are allocated in the relevant module. In the case of the use of secondary materials or energy recovered from secondary fuels, the system boundary between the system under study and the previous system (providing the secondary materials) is set where outputs of the previous system, e.g. materials, products, building elements or energy, reach the end-of-waste state. The modularity and the polluter payer principles have been followed. Cut-off criteria: All relevant inputs and outputs - like emissions, energy and materials - have been taken into account in this LCA, and in accordance with EN15804+A2:2019. The study covers at least 95% of the materials and energy per module and at least 99% of the total use of materials and energy of each unit process. Long term emissions have been excluded from the study. 1 2025 2030 "2025-10-13" - "2030-10-12" 2025-10-13 The asphalt is delivered to and used on construction sites in the Republic of Ireland. Bitumen content: 4 - 7 % by mass Density: 2,336 kg/m3 Softening point: 50 - 60 degrees centigrade Viscosity: As per pen grade in product name Marshall Stability: 8-16 kN, depending on traffic loading Resilient modulus: 2,000-5,000 Mpa at 20 degrees centigrade Rut resistance: Min 10mm deformation under standard wheel tracking tests Fatigue life: > 1 million load cycles in well-designed mixes Permeability: < 10-5 cm/s Asphalt raw materials comprise: fine and coarse aggregates, mineral filler, bitumen and in some cases specialist admixtures. Asphalt is produced by heating and mixing the raw materials to obtain a homogenous mix at a target temperature. The heated asphalt is transported to the construction site and laid on the road/paving sub-base material using specialised asphalt laying equipment. The asphalt is manufactured to the EN governing standard for the manufacturing of asphalts, I.S. EN 13108, parts 1-9, 21, 22 and 31. EPD Complementary Product Category Rules for Bituminous Mixtures (c-PCR Bituminous Mixtures) DN-PAV-03077 May 2024 specific dataset ecoinvent database (all versions) This LCA covers the Product (A1, A2 and A3), Transport to site (A4), Construction Process (A5), End of Life (C1 to C4) and Benefits/loads beyond the system boundary (D) Stages, as indicated above. This is termed: "Cradle to gate with options, modules C1 to C4, and module D". A schematic of these stages is presented in the flow diagram below. Ole M. K. Iversen EN 15804+A2 Fully compliant Fully compliant Fully compliant Fully compliant Fully compliant Fully compliant ISO 14025 Fully compliant Fully compliant Fully compliant Fully compliant Fully compliant Fully compliant ISO 21930 Fully compliant Fully compliant Fully compliant Fully compliant Fully compliant Fully compliant LCA.no AS 2025-10-13T13:17:45 ILCD format EPD Data Format Extensions v1.2 EPD Data Format Extensions v1.2 EPD-Datenformaterweiterungen v1.2 00.03.000 2025-10-13T09:33:32.1016544Z EPD Ireland EPDIE-25-230 McGraths Limestone Cong Ltd. true Free of charge for all users and uses None EPD Ireland Asphalt SMA 14 bin PMB 70/100 General reminder flow Output 1 1 0 0 undefined 0 Primary Measured Use of renewable primary energy (PERE) Fornybar primærenergi brukt som energibærer (RPEE) General reminder flow Input 0 0 0 0 undefined 0 Primary Measured 3.529274609706 0.082600000000 0.199000000000 3.529274609706 0.095460000000 0.000000000000 -6.490000000000 MJ Use of renewable primary energy resources used as raw materials (PERM) Fornybar primærenergi brukt som energibærer (RPEE) General reminder flow Input 0 0 0 0 undefined 0 Primary Measured 0.000000000000 0.000000000000 0.000000000000 0.000000000000 0.000000000000 0.000000000000 0.000000000000 MJ Total use of renewable primary energy resource (PERT) Total bruk av fornybar primærenergi (TPE) General reminder flow Input 0 0 0 0 undefined 0 Primary Measured 3.529274609706 0.082600000000 0.199000000000 3.529274609706 0.095460000000 0.000000000000 -6.490000000000 MJ Use of non renewable primary energy (PENRE) Ikke fornybar primærenergi brukt som energibærer (NRPE) General reminder flow Input 0 0 0 0 undefined 0 Primary Measured 262.126392705280 15.400000000000 37.000000000000 262.126392705280 17.797000000000 0.000000000000 -80.850000000000 MJ Use of non renewable primary energy resources used as raw materials (PENRM) Ikke fornybar primærenergi brukt som råmateriale (NRPM) General reminder flow Input 0 0 0 0 undefined 0 Primary Measured 0.000000000000 0.000000000000 0.000000000000 0.000000000000 0.000000000000 0.000000000000 0.000000000000 MJ Total use of non renewable primary energy resource (PENRT) Total nicht erneuerbare Primärenergie (PENRT) General reminder flow Input 0 0 0 0 undefined 0 Primary Measured 262.126392705280 15.400000000000 37.000000000000 262.126392705280 17.797000000000 0.000000000000 -80.850000000000 MJ Use of secondary material (SM) Bruk av sekundære materialer (SM) General reminder flow Input 0 0 0 0 undefined 0 Primary Measured 0.000000000000 0.000000000000 0.000000000000 0.000000000000 0.000000000000 0.000000000000 0.000000000000 kg Use of renewable secondary fuels (RSF) Bruk av fornybart sekundære brensel (RSF) General reminder flow Input 0 0 0 0 undefined 0 Primary Measured 0.000000000000 0.000000000000 0.000000000000 0.000000000000 0.000000000000 0.000000000000 0.000000000000 MJ Use of non renewable secondary fuels (NRSF) Bruk av ikke fornybart sekundære brensel (NRSF) General reminder flow Input 0 0 0 0 undefined 0 Primary Measured 0.000000000000 0.000000000000 0.000000000000 0.000000000000 0.000000000000 0.000000000000 0.000000000000 MJ Use of net fresh water (FW) Netto bruk av ferskvann (W) General reminder flow Input 0 0 0 0 undefined 0 Primary Measured 0.000000000000 0.000000000000 0.000000000000 0.000000000000 0.000000000000 0.000000000000 0.000000000000 m3 Hazardous waste disposed (HWD) Avhendet farlig avfall (HW) General reminder flow Output 0 0 0 0 undefined 0 Primary Measured 0.000644502991 0.000039700000 0.000095500000 0.000644502991 0.000045880000 0.000000000000 -0.000410400000 kg Non hazardous waste dispose (NHWD) Avhendet ikke-farlig avfall (NHW) General reminder flow Output 0 0 0 0 undefined 0 Primary Measured 12.920859565836 0.019300000000 0.046500000000 12.920859565836 0.022348000000 0.000000000000 -0.949500000000 kg Radioactive waste disposed (RWD) Avhendet radioaktivt avfall (RW) General reminder flow Output 0 0 0 0 undefined 0 Primary Measured 0.001668282388 0.000100000000 0.000241000000 0.001668282388 0.000115810000 0.000000000000 -0.006660000000 kg Components for re-use (CRU) Komponenter for gjenbruk (CR) General reminder flow Output 0 0 0 0 undefined 0 Primary Measured 0.000000000000 0.000000000000 0.000000000000 0.000000000000 0.000000000000 0.000000000000 0.000000000000 kg Materials for recycling (MFR) Materialer for resirkulering (MR) General reminder flow Output 0 0 0 0 undefined 0 Primary Measured 0.000000000000 0.000000000000 0.000000000000 0.000000000000 0.000000000000 0.000000000000 0.000000000000 kg Materials for energy recovery (MER) Materialer for energigjenvinning (MER) General reminder flow Output 0 0 0 0 undefined 0 Primary Measured 0.000000000000 0.000000000000 0.000000000000 0.000000000000 0.000000000000 0.000000000000 0.000000000000 kg Exported electrical energy (EEE) Eksportert elektrisk energi(EEE) General reminder flow Output 0 0 0 0 undefined 0 Primary Measured 0.000000000000 0.000000000000 0.000000000000 0.000000000000 0.000000000000 0.000000000000 0.000000000000 MJ Exported thermal energy (EET) Eksportert termisk energi (ETE) General reminder flow Output 0 0 0 0 undefined 0 Primary Measured 0.000000000000 0.000000000000 0.000000000000 0.000000000000 0.000000000000 0.000000000000 0.000000000000 MJ Acidification potential, Accumulated Exceedance (AP) Forsurningspotensial for kilder på land og vann (AP) 0 undefined 0 0.046243541182 0.007720000000 0.012900000000 0.046243541182 0.007881000000 0.000000000000 -0.201900000000 mol H+ eqv. Global Warming Potential - total (GWP-total) Globalt oppvarmingspotensial -totalt (GWPtotal) 0 undefined 0 16.305077272714 1.410000000000 3.390000000000 16.305077272714 1.629850000000 0.000000000000 -18.351500000000 kg CO2 eqv. Global Warming Potential - biogenic (GWP-biogenic) Globalt oppvarmingspotensial - biogene kilder( GWP-biogenic) 0 undefined 0 0.014844098891 0.000398000000 0.000958000000 0.014844098891 0.000458800000 0.000000000000 -0.106030000000 kg CO2 eqv. Global Warming Potential - fossil fuels (GWP-fossil) Globalt oppvarmingspotensial - fossile brensler (GWP-fossil) 0 undefined 0 16.284248796605 1.410000000000 3.390000000000 16.284248796605 1.628000000000 0.000000000000 -18.273500000000 kg CO2 eqv. Global Warming Potential - land use and land use change (GWP-luluc) Globalt oppvarmingspotensial arealbruk endringer i bruk av arealer (GWP-luluc) 0 undefined 0 0.006512229248 0.000104000000 0.000250000000 0.006512229248 0.000120250000 0.000000000000 -0.015735000000 kg CO2 eqv. Potential Comparative Toxic Unit for ecosystems (ETP-fw) Økotoksisitet, ferskvann (ETP-fw) 0 undefined 0 193.784280952160 8.440000000000 20.300000000000 193.784280952160 9.768000000000 0.000000000000 -2478.500000000000 CTUe Potential incidence of disease due to PM emissions (PM) Partikkelutslipp (PM) 0 undefined 0 0.000001308295 0.000000029700 0.000000054500 0.000001308295 0.000000030988 0.000000000000 -0.000002074500 disease incidence Eutrophication potential - marine (EP-marine) Overgjødslingspotensial til hav (EP-marine), hav og jord 0 undefined 0 0.009189802832 0.003330000000 0.005040000000 0.009189802832 0.003300400000 0.000000000000 -0.042970000000 kg N eqv. Eutrophication potential - freshwater (EP-freshwater) Overgjødslingspotensial til ferskvann (EP-freshwater) 0 undefined 0 0.000116119616 0.000003510000 0.000008440000 0.000116119616 0.000004070000 0.000000000000 -0.000427850000 kg P eqv. Eutrophication potential - terrestrial (EP-terrestrial) Overgjødslingspotensial til jord (EP-terrestrial) 0 undefined 0 0.102433135306 0.036500000000 0.055400000000 0.102433135306 0.036315500000 0.000000000000 -0.541400000000 mol N eqv. Potential Comparative Toxic Unit for humans - cancer effects (HTP-c) Toksisitet påvirkning på mennesker, kreft (HTP-c) 0 undefined 0 0.000000006232 0.000000000328 0.000000000789 0.000000006232 0.000000000377 0.000000000000 -0.000000012297 CTUh Potential Comparative Toxic Unit for humans - non-cancer effects (HTP-nc) Toksisitet påvirkning på mennesker, andre effekter enn kreft (HTP-nc) 0 undefined 0 0.000000195854 0.000000006100 0.000000011400 0.000000195854 0.000000005994 0.000000000000 -0.000000231300 CTUh Potential Human exposure efficiency relative to U235 (IRP) Ioniserende stråling, helseeffekt (IRP) 0 undefined 0 1.071932931706 0.061800000000 0.149000000000 1.071932931706 0.071410000000 0.000000000000 -4.605250000000 kBq U235 eqv. Potential Soil quality index (SQP) Påvirkninger knyttet til arealbruksendringer / jordkvalitet (SQP) 0 undefined 0 172.087440333300 1.850000000000 4.440000000000 172.087440333300 2.134900000000 0.000000000000 -753.850000000000 unitless Depletion potential of the stratospheric ozone layer (ODP) Potensial for nedbryting av stratosfærisk ozon (ODP) 0 undefined 0 0.000003773565 0.000000226000 0.000000544000 0.000003773565 0.000000261220 0.000000000000 -0.000016077500 kg CFC 11 eqv. Photochemical Ozone Creation Potential (POCP) Potensial for fotokjemisk oksidantdanning (POCP) 0 undefined 0 0.039371039829 0.009310000000 0.014600000000 0.039371039829 0.009324000000 0.000000000000 -0.179650000000 kg NMVOC eqv. Abiotic depletion potential - fossil resources (ADPF) Abiotisk utarmingspotensial for fossile ressurser, fosile brensler (ADP-fossil) 0 undefined 0 246.895182295620 14.500000000000 34.900000000000 246.895182295620 16.761000000000 0.000000000000 -1039.450000000000 MJ Abiotic depletion potential - non-fossil resources (ADPE) Abiotisk utarmingspotensial for ikke-fossile ressurser, mineraler (ADP-elements) 0 undefined 0 0.000057734042 0.000000543000 0.000001310000 0.000057734042 0.000000629000 0.000000000000 -0.000104370000 kg Sb-eqv. Water (user) deprivation potential (WDP) Utarmingspotensial for vannressurser (WDP) 0 undefined 0 0.751507090917 0.022600000000 0.054300000000 0.751507090917 0.026085000000 0.000000000000 -10.314500000000 m3 world eqv. Global warming potential except emissions and uptake of biogenic carbon (GWP-IOBC/GHG) Globalt oppvarmingspotensial beregnet etter prinsippet om umiddelbar oksidasjon (GWP-IOBC) 0 undefined 0 0.000000000000 0.000000000000 0.000000000000 0.000000000000 0.000000000000 0.000000000000 0.000000000000 kg CO2 eqv.