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Process Data set: 150mm Prestressed Concrete T-beam (en) en

Key Data Set Information
Location GB
Geographical representativeness description Manufactured and supplied for use within the United Kingdom.
Reference year 2026
Name
150mm Prestressed Concrete T-beam
Use advice for data set This EPD is prepared in accordance with EN 15804+A2 and follows the EPD Ireland reporting format. Declared modules: A1–A3: Product stage (raw material supply, transport, manufacturing) The climate impact for electricity used for manufacturing in this product is 2.76E-05 kgCO2eq per Kwh. C1–C4: End-of-life (not modelled with site-specific demolition scenarios within this draft unless confirmed) Module D: Benefits and loads beyond the system boundary, declared to account for material recovery from both production breakages and end-of-life recycling. Modules A4–A5 are not declared as transport to site and installation are project-specific.
Technical purpose of product or process The product is 150mm prestressed concrete T-beam, manufactured by Atlas Concrete and supplied to the United Kingdom construction market for use as a structural floor and roof element within precast concrete systems. The T-beam is produced using high-strength prestressing steel and structural concrete, cast in reusable moulds and cured under controlled factory conditions prior to dispatch. The beams are designed to provide efficient structural performance in combination with concrete infill blocks or slabs, and are typically installed using crane-assisted lifting methods. The main material components vary on each site, with Silloth mixing concrete on site, using; varied aggregates, ad-mix, water and CEM I, and Manchester using ready-mix concrete. Both use the same prestressing wires. A full breakdown of material contributions can be found in the Additional Technical Information. The Global Warming Potential total (GWP-total) variation between the two sites at Product Stage (Modules A1-A3) is 15.36%, and 14.34% from Product Stage to End-of-Life excluding Module D (Modules A1-C4). Manufacture of the declared product is undertaken using two alternative production routes within the Atlas Concrete supply chain. in two production sites Silloth and Manchester. The environmental performance declared in this EPD therefore represents a weighted average across both manufacturing routes and sites, based on their respective contributions to total annual production. This approach ensures that the declared results are representative of the average product placed on the market, in accordance with EN 15804 and EPD Ireland Product Category Rules. The 150 mm prestressed concrete T-beam is intended for use in precast concrete floor and roof systems, providing primary structural support. The beams are designed to achieve high load-bearing capacity with efficient material usage through the incorporation of prestressing steel. Concrete used in the manufacture of the beams is designed to meet the relevant performance requirements for structural applications, with strength class selected to satisfy durability and load criteria. Prestressing steel is applied to improve structural efficiency, reduce deflections, and optimise section geometry. Production is carried out under controlled factory conditions using reusable steel moulds, with curing regimes designed to achieve consistent mechanical performance and surface quality. No reference service life is applicable due to it's structural use. The service life is dependent on the constructed buildings intended life-span.
General comment on data set Data quality: Product Stage (A1–A3) Raw material quantities, transport distances, manufacturing energy use, and waste generation data were provided by the manufacturer for both production routes. Two manufacturing routes were modelled: - Silloth: on-site batching, concrete production, casting, prestressing, curing, and finishing. -Manchester: off-site ready-mix concrete supply combined with casting, prestressing, curing, and finishing. Concrete production was modelled using ready-mix and batching datasets consistent with strength class C40/50. Prestressing steel was modelled using low-alloy steel datasets representing typical UK supply. Transport of raw materials and ready-mix concrete was modelled using average distances provided by the manufacturer. Manufacturing energy consumption and fuel use were allocated to the declared unit based on mass share of production. Concrete breakages and manufacturing rejects generated during production, where not recovered, are crushed on site and reused within the manufacturing facility or sold as secondary material. As no concrete production waste is disposed of as waste, no concrete waste treatment or disposal is modelled in Module A3. Only the energy and fuel use associated with normal manufacturing operations are included as well as mixed waste generated on site from ancillary materials and packaging. Geographical representativeness: Manufacturing of the declared product takes place in the United Kingdom, at the Silloth and Manchester facilities. Where available, background datasets representative of the United Kingdom (GB) were applied. Where UK-specific datasets were not available, European (RER) datasets were used, followed by global (GLO) datasets where no European alternatives existed. Raw materials, transport distances, and energy carriers are considered representative of typical UK supply chains. Geographical representativeness is therefore considered to be Good. Technical representativeness: Primary foreground data were obtained directly from the manufacturer and include: Concrete mix compositions, ready-mix delivery data, transport distances, fuel consumption, waste contractor records, and electricity and water consumption. Concrete was modelled using appropriate strength-class proxies from ecoinvent. Prestressing steel, fuels, packaging materials, and transport processes were modelled using representative ecoinvent datasets selected to reflect the closest available technological match. These include diesel burned as a proxy for kerosene where no data for kerosene was available, organic chemicals for unspecified admixture, organic solvent for Polysolve, and lubricating oil for mould oil. Two manufacturing scenarios were modelled independently and subsequently combined using production-weighted averaging. This approach captures the variability introduced by logistics-driven production routing and provides a realistic representation of market supply. Technical representativeness is therefore considered to be Good. Time representativeness: Foreground manufacturing and logistics data were collected for a representative 12-month reporting period from 2024 into 2025. Background life cycle inventory data were sourced from ecoinvent v3.10 (2023). For some background datasets, the reference year may differ slightly from the foreground data period; however, all datasets are considered representative of current production technologies. Time representativeness is therefore considered to be Very Good. Database used: ecoinvent v3.10 (cut-off system model, 2023) LCA tool used: OpenLCA 2.5.0 with assessor-developed calculation spreadsheets Allocation: No co-products are generated during the manufacturing process. Concrete breakages are treated as recovered material and are not considered co-products; associated benefits are accounted for in Module D in accordance with EN 15804. Manufacturing energy use, fuel consumption, and waste generation data were collected as annual site totals for both manufacturing facilities. These flows were allocated to the declared product based on the proportion of total annual production represented by the 150 mm T-beam, using a mass-based allocation approach. This allocation method reflects the proportional relationship between production throughput and resource use and is consistent with EN 15804 requirements and EPD Ireland PCR guidance. For the purpose of this declaration, environmental impacts were first calculated independently for each manufacturing route. Results were subsequently combined using a production-weighted (mass-based) averaging approach based on the relative annual output of each site. This Environmental Product Declaration therefore represents a production-weighted average across two manufacturing routes, reflecting typical product supply conditions. The selection of manufacturing route for individual orders is primarily governed by logistics, production capacity, and material availability rather than fixed product specifications; consequently, no single production route can be considered fully representative of long-term market supply. The weighted-average modelling approach provides the most accurate and transparent representation of the average environmental performance of the declared product, consistent with the intent of EN 15804 and EPD Ireland PCR. Cut-off criteria: The study follows the cut-off rules defined in EN 15804:2012+A2:2019. All relevant material and energy inputs and waste flows for which data were available have been included in the life cycle inventory. Capital goods and long-life reusable equipment (including reusable moulds, rubber formers, timber bearers, and lifting equipment) are excluded from the system boundary. Ancillary materials with very low replacement frequency and negligible contribution to overall environmental impacts are excluded where their contribution is expected to fall below EN 15804 cut-off thresholds. Ancillary materials included consist of lifting hooks, polystyrene formers, Polysolve, welding rods, and cutting discs.
Copyright Yes
Owner of data set
Quantitative reference
Reference flow(s)
Biogenic carbon content
  • Carbon content (biogenic): 0.0 kg
  • Carbon content (biogenic) - packaging: 0.0 kg
Time representativeness
Data set valid until 2031
Time representativeness description "2026-03-20" - "2031-03-19"
Technological representativeness
Technology description including background system The T-beams have been tested and comply to the following standards: Design Codes > BS EN 1990 – Basis of Structural Design (Eurocode 0) > BS EN 1991 – Part 1-1 – General Actions – Densities, self-weight, imposed loads for buildings (Eurocode 1) > BS EN 1992 – Part 1-1 – Design of Concrete Structures (Eurocode 2) > BS EN 15037 – Part 1 – Precast Concrete Products – Beam and block floor systems Manufacturing Codes > BS EN 13670 – Execution of Concrete Structures > BS EN 13369 – Common rules for precast concrete products Materials Codes > BS EN 206 – Concrete – Specification, performance, production and conformity > BS 8500 – Concrete – Complimentary British Standard to BS EN 206 > BS EN 12620 – Aggregates for concrete > BS EN 197 – Cement – composition, specifications and conformity criteria for common cements > BS EN 934 – Admixtures for concrete, mortar and grout > BS 5896 – Specification of high tensile steel wire and strand for the prestressing of concrete

Indicators of life cycle

IndicatorDirectionUnit Raw material supply
A1
 Transport
A2
 Manufacturing
A3
 De-construction
C1
 Transport
C2
 Waste processing
C3
 Disposal
C4
 Recycling Potential
D
Use of renewable primary energy (PERE)
Input
  • 3.43
  • 0.0348
  • 0.0833
  • 0.000625
  • 0.0723
  • 0.0155
  • 0.0151
  • 0.678
Use of renewable primary energy resources used as raw materials (PERM)
Input
  • 0
  • 0
  • 0
  • 0
  • 0
  • 0
  • 0
  • 0
Total use of renewable primary energy resource (PERT)
Input
  • 3.43
  • 0.0348
  • 0.0833
  • 0.000625
  • 0.0723
  • 0.0155
  • 0.0151
  • 0.678
Use of non renewable primary energy (PENRE)
Input
  • 51.4
  • 2.02
  • 9.2
  • 0.102
  • 4.21
  • 2.53
  • 1.4
  • 19.7
Use of non renewable primary energy resources used as raw materials (PENRM)
Input
  • 0
  • 0
  • 0
  • 0
  • 0
  • 0
  • 0
  • 0
Total use of non renewable primary energy resource (PENRT)
Input
  • 51.4
  • 2.02
  • 9.2
  • 0.102
  • 4.21
  • 2.53
  • 1.4
  • 19.7
Use of secondary material (SM)
Input
  • 0
  • 0
  • 0
  • 0
  • 0
  • 0
  • 0
  • 0
Use of renewable secondary fuels (RSF)
Input
  • 0
  • 0
  • 0
  • 0
  • 0
  • 0
  • 0
  • 0
Use of non renewable secondary fuels (NRSF)
Input
  • 0
  • 0
  • 0
  • 0
  • 0
  • 0
  • 0
  • 0
Use of net fresh water (FW)
Input
  • 0.0332
  • 0.000272
  • 0.0011
  • 0.00000662
  • 0.000566
  • 0.000164
  • 0.000662
  • 0.0131
Hazardous waste disposed (HWD)
Output
  • 0.586
  • 0.00201
  • 0.0108
  • 0.0000882
  • 0.00418
  • 0.00219
  • 0.00138
  • 0.0322
Non hazardous waste dispose (NHWD)
Output
  • 5.33
  • 0.0223
  • 0.177
  • 0.000661
  • 0.0463
  • 0.0164
  • 3.51
  • 0.298
Radioactive waste disposed (RWD)
Output
  • 0.0000533
  • 6.53E-7
  • 0.0000234
  • 1.12E-8
  • 0.00000136
  • 2.78E-7
  • 2.42E-7
  • 0.0000116
Components for re-use (CRU)
Output
  • 0
  • 0
  • 0
  • 0
  • 0
  • 0
  • 0
  • 0
Materials for recycling (MFR)
Output
  • 0
  • 0
  • 0
  • 0
  • 0
  • 31.5
  • 0
  • 0
Materials for energy recovery (MER)
Output
  • 0
  • 0
  • 0
  • 0
  • 0
  • 0
  • 0
  • 0
Exported electrical energy (EEE)
Output
  • 0
  • 0
  • 0
  • 0
  • 0
  • 0
  • 0
  • 0
Exported thermal energy (EET)
Output
  • 0
  • 0
  • 0
  • 0
  • 0
  • 0
  • 0
  • 0

IndicatorUnit Raw material supply
A1
 Transport
A2
 Manufacturing
A3
 De-construction
C1
 Transport
C2
 Waste processing
C3
 Disposal
C4
 Recycling Potential
D
Abiotic depletion potential - fossil resources (ADPF)
  • 51.4
  • 2.02
  • 9.2
  • 0.102
  • 4.21
  • 2.53
  • 1.4
  • 19.7
Abiotic depletion potential - non-fossil resources (ADPE)
  • 0.0000325
  • 4.8E-7
  • 2.78E-7
  • 2.86E-9
  • 9.97E-7
  • 7.09E-8
  • 1.75E-7
  • 0.00000325
Acidification potential, Accumulated Exceedance (AP)
  • 0.0229
  • 0.0003
  • 0.00384
  • 0.0000702
  • 0.000623
  • 0.00174
  • 0.000535
  • 0.00758
Depletion potential of the stratospheric ozone layer (ODP)
  • 4.35E-8
  • 2.86E-9
  • 1.51E-8
  • 1.19E-10
  • 5.95E-9
  • 2.96E-9
  • 1.64E-9
  • 1.11E-8
Eutrophication potential - freshwater (EP-freshwater)
  • 0.00135
  • 0.00000975
  • 0.0000256
  • 2.27E-7
  • 0.0000203
  • 0.00000564
  • 0.00000581
  • 0.000588
Eutrophication potential - marine (EP-marine)
  • 0.00616
  • 0.000072
  • 0.00171
  • 0.0000326
  • 0.00015
  • 0.000808
  • 0.00022
  • 0.00196
Eutrophication potential - terrestrial (EP-terrestrial)
  • 0.0679
  • 0.000777
  • 0.0186
  • 0.000357
  • 0.00162
  • 0.00885
  • 0.00239
  • 0.0217
Global Warming Potential - biogenic (GWP-biogenic)
  • 0.0735
  • 0.0000997
  • 0.0721
  • 8.51E-7
  • 0.000207
  • 0.0000211
  • 0.0000565
  • -0.00373
Global Warming Potential - fossil fuels (GWP-fossil)
  • 7.3
  • 0.144
  • 0.61
  • 0.00778
  • 0.299
  • 0.193
  • 0.0841
  • 1.77
Global Warming Potential - land use and land use change (GWP-luluc)
  • 0.00231
  • 0.0000478
  • 0.0000478
  • 6.76E-7
  • 0.0000993
  • 0.0000168
  • 0.000157
  • 0.000631
Global Warming Potential - total (GWP-total)
  • 7.37
  • 0.144
  • 0.682
  • 0.00779
  • 0.3
  • 0.138
  • 0.0844
  • 1.76
Global warming potential except emissions and uptake of biogenic carbon (GWP-IOBC/GHG)
  • 7.3
  • 0.144
  • 0.61
  • 0.00779
  • 0.299
  • 0.193
  • 0.0843
  • 1.77
Photochemical Ozone Creation Potential (POCP)
  • 0.0209
  • 0.000498
  • 0.00568
  • 0.000106
  • 0.00104
  • 0.00264
  • 0.000788
  • 0.00708
Water (user) deprivation potential (WDP)
  • 1.33
  • 0.0099
  • 0.0474
  • 0.000249
  • 0.0206
  • 0.00619
  • 0.00503
  • 0.528

IndicatorUnit Raw material supply
A1
 Transport
A2
 Manufacturing
A3
 De-construction
C1
 Transport
C2
 Waste processing
C3
 Disposal
C4
 Recycling Potential
D
1This impact category deals mainly with the eventual impact of low dose ionizing radiation on human health of the nuclear fuel cycle. It does not consider effects due to possible nuclear accidents, occupational exposure nor due to radioactive waste disposal in underground facilities. Potential ionizing radiation from the soil, from radon and from some construction materials is also not measured by this indicator.
2The results of this environmental impact indicator shall be used with care as the uncertainties on these results are high or as there is limited experiences with the indicator.
Potential Comparative Toxic Unit for ecosystems (ETP-fw) 2
  • 65
  • 0.551
  • 1.08
  • 0.0144
  • 1.15
  • 0.358
  • 0.395
  • 106
Potential Comparative Toxic Unit for humans - cancer effects (HTP-c) 2
  • 1.77E-7
  • 1.02E-9
  • 1.9E-9
  • 3E-11
  • 2.12E-9
  • 7.55E-10
  • 3.97E-10
  • 3.97E-7
Potential Comparative Toxic Unit for humans - non-cancer effects (HTP-nc) 2
  • 7.56E-8
  • 1.31E-9
  • 1.97E-9
  • 1.4E-11
  • 2.73E-9
  • 3.44E-10
  • 5.59E-10
  • 1.61E-8
Potential Human exposure efficiency relative to U235 (IRP) 1
  • 0.212
  • 0.00263
  • 0.111
  • 0.0000456
  • 0.00546
  • 0.00113
  • 0.00099
  • 0.0474
Potential Soil quality index (SQP) 2
  • 21.3
  • 1.22
  • 0.568
  • 0.00716
  • 2.54
  • 0.178
  • 1.53
  • 7.88
Potential incidence of disease due to PM emissions (PM) 2
  • 3.02E-7
  • 1.06E-8
  • 9.93E-8
  • 2E-9
  • 2.2E-8
  • 2.84E-7
  • 3.91E-8
  • 1.34E-7