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Process Data set: Concrete Bunker Retaining Wall (en) en

Key Data Set Information
Location GB
Geographical representativeness description Ireland
Reference year 2022
Name
Concrete Bunker Retaining Wall
Use advice for data set This LCA covers the Product (A1 - A3), Construction Process (A4 - A5), End of Life (C1 - C4), and benefits and loads beyond the system boundary (D)
Technical purpose of product or process This average product EPD is for Moore Concrete's precast concrete bunker wall. The results presented in this EPD are the results for a weighted average of the concrete mixes and steel reinforcement of the bunker wall products manufactured by Moore Concrete in 2021. The raw materials are cements, GGBS, aggregates, admixtures, reinforcing steel and lifting accessories. In addition, consumables include steel and timber for formwork, release agents and curing agents, plastic and concrete spacers. The products are manufactured in accordance with the following standards: EN 13369 'Common rules for precast concrete products'; EN 15258 'Precast concrete Products. Retaining wall elements'. The precast units are delivered to site on flat-bed trucks. No product packaging is used in the delivery to the customer, other than re-useable wood skids, as and when needed. The precast products are manufactured from cement and cement replacements, aggregates, water and a variety of admixtures. The concrete mix ingredients are batch-weighed, mixed and dropped into a hopper that is transported across the factory hall so that the fresh concrete is then placed into the selected formwork/mould. The moulds are prepared with a mould oil, reinforcing bars and spacers before the mix is poured. Once the fresh concrete is placed in the moulds, the surface is sprayed with a curing agent to assist curing. The moulds are left in place on the factory floor to allow the concrete to cure. Demoulding of the precast concrete elements takes place once the correct strength has been achieved. Units are finished in the factory and transported to a storage area.
General comment on data set The dataset is representative for the production processes used in 2021, in the country of production, Northern Ireland. The data Quality Level, according to Table E.1 of EN 15804 +A2, Annex E, is as follows: • Geographical representativeness: Very Good • Technical representativeness: Very Good • Time representativeness: Very Good Allocation of energy and electricity types and amounts to the various manufacturing processes has been provided by the manufacturers along with production waste. Allocation of impacts to the products is based on the product composition mass. Flows related to human activities such as employee transport are excluded. The construction of capital assets such as buildings, manufacture of machines and transportation systems are also excluded since the related flows are assumed to be negligible compared to the manufacture of the building material when compared to these systems over a full lifetime of operation. The cut-off criteria of section 6.3.6 of EN15804:2012+A2:2019 have been followed, where 99% of the total energy and materials are included, and the total neglected input flows for the modules reported on in the LCA are less than 5% of the energy usage and mass
Copyright Yes
Owner of data set
Quantitative reference
Reference flow(s)
Biogenic carbon content
  • Carbon content (biogenic): 0.0 kg
  • Carbon content (biogenic) - packaging: 0.0 kg
Time representativeness
Data set valid until 2027
Technological representativeness
Technology description including background system Full details on the bunker wall products can be found at: https://www.moore-concrete.com/agriculture/concrete-bunker-walls/

Indicators of life cycle

IndicatorDirectionUnit Raw material supply
A1
Transport
A2
Manufacturing
A3
Transport
A4
Installation
A5
De-construction
C1
Transport
C2
Waste processing
C3
Disposal
C4
Recycling Potential
D
Use of renewable primary energy (PERE)
Input
  • 392.5
  • 0.5451
  • 233.7
  • 8.004
  • 0.6949
  • 0.9945
  • 1.768
  • 0
  • 0
  • -14.43
Use of renewable primary energy resources used as raw materials (PERM)
Input
  • 0
  • 0
  • 0
  • 0
  • 0
  • 0
  • 0
  • 0
  • 0
  • 0
Total use of renewable primary energy resource (PERT)
Input
  • 392.5
  • 0.5451
  • 233.7
  • 8.004
  • 0.6949
  • 0.9945
  • 1.768
  • 0
  • 0
  • -14.43
Use of non renewable primary energy (PENRE)
Input
  • 3172
  • 40.42
  • 20.97
  • 567.6
  • 3.83
  • 195.3
  • 131.1
  • 0
  • 0
  • -350.9
Use of non renewable primary energy resources used as raw materials (PENRM)
Input
  • 0
  • 0
  • 0
  • 0
  • 0
  • 0
  • 0
  • 0
  • 0
  • 0
Total use of non renewable primary energy resource (PENRT)
Input
  • 3172
  • 40.42
  • 20.97
  • 567.6
  • 3.83
  • 195.3
  • 131.1
  • 0
  • 0
  • -350.9
Use of secondary material (SM)
Input
  • 0
  • 0
  • 0
  • 0
  • 0
  • 0
  • 0
  • 0
  • 0
  • 0
Use of renewable secondary fuels (RSF)
Input
  • 0
  • 0
  • 0
  • 0
  • 0
  • 0
  • 0
  • 0
  • 0
  • 0
Use of non renewable secondary fuels (NRSF)
Input
  • 0
  • 0
  • 0
  • 0
  • 0
  • 0
  • 0
  • 0
  • 0
  • 0
Use of net fresh water (FW)
Input
  • 5.92
  • 0.004072
  • 0.007645
  • 0.0604
  • 0.01008
  • 0.009463
  • 0.01321
  • 0
  • 0
  • -0.2761
Hazardous waste disposed (HWD)
Output
  • 0.006955
  • 0.00009973
  • 0.00003787
  • 0.001318
  • 0.000009957
  • 0.0005008
  • 0.0003234
  • 0
  • 0
  • -0.002583
Non hazardous waste dispose (NHWD)
Output
  • 60.36
  • 1.852
  • 0.568
  • 24.09
  • 0.09392
  • 0.2177
  • 6.006
  • 0
  • 0
  • -4.935
Radioactive waste disposed (RWD)
Output
  • 0.00788
  • 0.0002594
  • 0.00008616
  • 0.00363
  • 0.00001095
  • 0.001277
  • 0.0008412
  • 0
  • 0
  • -0.0008214
Components for re-use (CRU)
Output
  • 0
  • 0
  • 0
  • 0
  • 0
  • 0
  • 0
  • 0
  • 0
  • 0
Materials for recycling (MFR)
Output
  • 0
  • 0
  • 0
  • 0
  • 0
  • 0
  • 0
  • 0
  • 0
  • 0
Materials for energy recovery (MER)
Output
  • 0
  • 0
  • 0
  • 0
  • 0
  • 0
  • 0
  • 0
  • 0
  • 0
Exported electrical energy (EEE)
Output
  • 0
  • 0
  • 0
  • 0
  • 0
  • 0
  • 0
  • 0
  • 0
  • 0
Exported thermal energy (EET)
Output
  • 0
  • 0
  • 0
  • 0
  • 0
  • 0
  • 0
  • 0
  • 0
  • 0

IndicatorUnit Raw material supply
A1
Transport
A2
Manufacturing
A3
Transport
A4
Installation
A5
De-construction
C1
Transport
C2
Waste processing
C3
Disposal
C4
Recycling Potential
D
Abiotic depletion potential - fossil resources (ADPF)
  • 2978
  • 38.08
  • 19.72
  • 534.6
  • 3.592
  • 183.9
  • 123.5
  • 0
  • 0
  • -332.3
Abiotic depletion potential - non-fossil resources (ADPE)
  • 0.004351
  • 0.00006951
  • 0.00002448
  • 0.0009024
  • 0.00000525
  • 0.00002049
  • 0.0002254
  • 0
  • 0
  • -0.0001582
Acidification potential, Accumulated Exceedance (AP)
  • 2.155
  • 0.007233
  • 0.03967
  • 0.166
  • 0.002119
  • 0.1397
  • 0.02346
  • 0
  • 0
  • -0.2202
Depletion potential of the stratospheric ozone layer (ODP)
  • 0.0000196
  • 5.728E-7
  • 1.639E-7
  • 0.000007989
  • 2.573E-8
  • 0.000002885
  • 0.000001858
  • 0
  • 0
  • -0.000002074
Eutrophication potential - freshwater (EP-freshwater)
  • 0.008736
  • 0.00002011
  • 0.0001203
  • 0.0003087
  • 0.00001107
  • 0.00004863
  • 0.00006523
  • 0
  • 0
  • -0.00136
Eutrophication potential - marine (EP-marine)
  • 0.4613
  • 0.001432
  • 0.01731
  • 0.03272
  • 0.0004695
  • 0.06168
  • 0.004644
  • 0
  • 0
  • -0.05795
Eutrophication potential - terrestrial (EP-terrestrial)
  • 5.42
  • 0.01602
  • 0.1943
  • 0.3671
  • 0.00543
  • 0.6768
  • 0.05195
  • 0
  • 0
  • -0.7385
Global Warming Potential - biogenic (GWP-biogenic)
  • -7.915
  • 0.001354
  • 6.149
  • 0.02044
  • -0.00143
  • 0.003716
  • 0.004391
  • 0
  • 0
  • 0.08507
Global Warming Potential - fossil fuels (GWP-fossil)
  • 448.8
  • 2.518
  • 1.656
  • 35.52
  • 0.4299
  • 13.36
  • 8.167
  • 0
  • 0
  • -32.78
Global Warming Potential - land use and land use change (GWP-luluc)
  • 0.1064
  • 0.0008963
  • 0.008599
  • 0.01313
  • 0.0001646
  • 0.001053
  • 0.002907
  • 0
  • 0
  • -0.009594
Global Warming Potential - total (GWP-total)
  • 441
  • 2.521
  • 7.813
  • 35.55
  • 0.4286
  • 13.36
  • 8.174
  • 0
  • 0
  • -32.7
Global warming potential except emissions and uptake of biogenic carbon (GWP-IOBC/GHG)
No records found.
No records found.
No records found.
No records found.
No records found.
No records found.
No records found.
No records found.
No records found.
No records found.
Photochemical Ozone Creation Potential (POCP)
  • 1.491
  • 0.006136
  • 0.04771
  • 0.1215
  • 0.001637
  • 0.1861
  • 0.0199
  • 0
  • 0
  • -0.2417
Water (user) deprivation potential (WDP)
  • 113
  • 0.1078
  • 0.1779
  • 1.731
  • 0.152
  • 0.2463
  • 0.3495
  • 0
  • 0
  • -10.58

IndicatorUnit Raw material supply
A1
Transport
A2
Manufacturing
A3
Transport
A4
Installation
A5
De-construction
C1
Transport
C2
Waste processing
C3
Disposal
C4
Recycling Potential
D
1This impact category deals mainly with the eventual impact of low dose ionizing radiation on human health of the nuclear fuel cycle. It does not consider effects due to possible nuclear accidents, occupational exposure nor due to radioactive waste disposal in underground facilities. Potential ionizing radiation from the soil, from radon and from some construction materials is also not measured by this indicator.
2The results of this environmental impact indicator shall be used with care as the uncertainties on these results are high or as there is limited experiences with the indicator.
Potential Comparative Toxic Unit for ecosystems (ETP-fw) 2
  • 8.02E+3
  • 30.7
  • 281
  • 425
  • 1E+1
  • 110.8
  • 99.47
  • 0
  • 0
  • -4726
Potential Comparative Toxic Unit for humans - cancer effects (HTP-c) 2
  • 5.97E-7
  • 8.54E-10
  • 8.93E-9
  • 1.2E-8
  • 1.03E-9
  • 3.873E-9
  • 2.769E-9
  • 0
  • 0
  • -1.449E-7
Potential Comparative Toxic Unit for humans - non-cancer effects (HTP-nc) 2
  • 0.00000765
  • 3.23E-8
  • 1.56E-7
  • 4.4E-7
  • 1.27E-8
  • 9.515E-8
  • 1.048E-7
  • 0
  • 0
  • -0.000001053
Potential Human exposure efficiency relative to U235 (IRP) 1
  • 6.5
  • 0.166
  • 0.0785
  • 2.34
  • 0.00941
  • 0.7879
  • 0.5397
  • 0
  • 0
  • -0.6617
Potential Soil quality index (SQP) 2
  • 2.24E+3
  • 26.6
  • 1.07E+3
  • 352
  • 3.63
  • 23.53
  • 86.4
  • 0
  • 0
  • -260.5
Potential incidence of disease due to PM emissions (PM) 2
  • 0.0000196
  • 1.6E-7
  • 0.00000142
  • 0.00000216
  • 2.48E-8
  • 0.000003697
  • 5.19E-7
  • 0
  • 0
  • -0.000003797