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General comment Data quality:
Time Representativeness: In this LCA the data relating to the usages, emissions and materials, and the data relating to the bespoke background processes for environmental impacts vary between up to 6 years and less than 2 years apart. The Ecoinvent database version 3.11 has been used. Time representativeness is considered to be Good.
Geographical Representativeness: Data is from the area under study (Europe), where all the raw materials come from western Europe. The Geographical Representativeness is thus assumed to be Very Good.
Technical Representativeness: Data is obtained directly from the processes and products under study in this LCA. The processes use electricity and diesel. The electricity record is for electricity generated by a mix of renewables and fossil fuel resources. The main raw material is EPS beads, and as noted in Time Representativeness for some of the raw materials there is more than 3 years differential between reference production year and time period for which the data are representative. Technical Representativeness is considered to be Good.
Allocation:
The measurement of environmental impacts in this EPD uses the LCIA methodologies recommended for PEF 3.1. In this EPD, the waste processes are allocated in the relevant module. In the case of the use of secondary materials or energy recovered from secondary fuels, the system boundary between the system under study and the previous system (providing the secondary materials) is set where outputs of the previous system, e.g. materials, products, building elements or energy, reach the end-of-waste state. The modularity and the polluter payer principles have been followed.
Cut-off criteria:
All relevant inputs and outputs - like emissions, energy and materials - have been taken into account in this LCA, and in accordance with EN15804+A2:2019. The study covers at least 95% of the materials and energy per module and at least 99% of the total use of materials and energy of each unit process. Long term emissions have been excluded from the study.
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